Early life in a barren environment adversely affects spatial cognition in laying hens (Gallus gallus domesticus)

Spatial cognition in vertebrates is adversely affected by a lack of environmental complexity during early life.However, to our knowledge no previous studies have tested the effect of early exposure to varying degrees of environmental complexity on specific components of spatial cognition in chickens.There are two main rearing systems for laying hen

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Measuring circularity from buildings to neighbourhoods

The circular economy (CE) aims to eliminate the concept of pollution and waste generation, finish line thia cal maintain the integrity of the product over several use cycles, and focus on closing material and energy loops.Circularity metrics are relevant for monitoring, reporting and communicating CE implementation progress.Applied to buildings, th

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Evaluation of the harmonization process of the Czech insurance market with the single insurance market of the EU

For the Czech insurance industry, it has been 13 years since the passage of the Insurance Act in 1991, which did away with the monopoly and allowed competition in this business sector.In our evaluation, we can state that the positives outweigh the negatives.A relatively high pace of growth in coleman ct200u ex gas tank total premiums written was ac

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